86 Reviews. $148.00 $185.00. The Platform 2000 Nano Power Pro Dryer is a high performance dryer that combines endurance with power to deliver perfect results, every time. The must-have dryer in any salon, the Platform 2000 dries hair faster and leaves an ultra-conditioned style full of body and shine. Hair Veil Hair Filler Powder features a water resistant, fade proof, and transfer proof formula designed to give the appearance of a thicker, richer head of hair to anyone looking to conceal exposed scalp and add depth to their thin or fine hair. FHI Heat's Stylus line of thermal protectant hair care works to preserve healthy hair from heat ... The Curve features 1" wide tourmaline ceramic plates infused with magnesium which helps to seal the cuticle, leaving hair smooth and with increased shine. The Curve also features RapidTek Ion Technology which provides instant heat while locking in moisture. This iron works to provide you with salon quality hair in half the amount of time! UNbrush® Detangling Hair Brush gently yet thoroughly extracts knots and tangles from even the most unruly hair, painlessly and effortlessly. Featuring the perfect blend of 105 dual length bristles, combined with an ultralight high performance handle, UNbrush® helps reduce styling time and prevents hair from catching. Great for wet or dry hair. Water resistant. Custom designed, diagonal brush for even application and shading. Provides thorough coverage and blending to eliminate shiny spots and exposed scalp. Creates the appearance of full, thick hair for women and men affected by thinning hair. Extend life of color treated hair by filling in regrowth with matching …FHI Heat®, a professional hair tools and hair care brand synonymous with excellence, precision, and quality, announced their viral UNBrush hairbrush is now available at Target stores nationwide.High velocity AC motor dries hair up to 50% FASTER*. HydraHeat™ interior for even heat distribution to seal in moisture, repel humidity, reduce frizz and help eliminate static. Power you can feel with a light weight 15 oz. design. Three heat settings (Cool, Warm, High) and two air settings (Low, High) to customize the heat and power for any ... Hair Veil Hair Filler Powder features a water resistant, fade proof, and transfer proof formula designed to give the appearance of a thicker, richer head of hair to anyone looking to conceal exposed scalp and add depth to their thin or fine hair. FHI Heat's Stylus line of thermal protectant hair care works to preserve healthy hair from heat ... Flirt - Tease Blowout Brush 3" $90.00 $120.00 Add to Cart. 25% OFF. Flirt - Envy Blowout Brush 2" $90.00 $120.00 Add to Cart. 25% OFF. Flirt - TrueLove Curling Iron 1" $90.00 $120.00 Add to Cart. 25% OFF. Flirt - Soulmate Styling Iron 1" $90.00 $120.00 Add to Cart.FHI Heat®, a professional hair tools and hair care brand synonymous with excellence, precision, and quality, announced their viral UNBrush hairbrush is now available at Target stores nationwide.FHI Heat is an innovative professional hair care company operated by passionate leaders. We are committed to supporting salons, stylists, and consumers with consistent advances in technology - a ...Curl or wave your hair with FHI Heat curling irons for healthy, salon quality, long lasting results. We offer curlers in different sizes, featuring adjustable heat and a triple baked ceramic barrel infused with tourmaline to produce high amounts of negative ions that seal in moisture and reduce frizz. 20% OFF.AC0013GT. Let us know what you think. UNbrush - Aurora Mint gently yet thoroughly extracts knots and tangles from even the most unruly hair, painlessly and effortlessly. Unique vented cushion reduces blowdry time by 48%! Prevents hair from catching. High heat resistant bristles allows to style easily with a blow dryer.Be the first to ask something about this product. UNbrush - Lagoon Mint gently yet thoroughly extracts knots and tangles from even the most unruly hair, painlessly and effortlessly. Unique vented cushion reduces blowdry time by 48%! Prevents hair from catching. High heat resistant bristles allows to style easily with a blow dryer.Luxury Brands, LLC d/b/a FHI HEAT ("FHI HEAT" or "we" or "us") warrants all of its styling tools (styling iron, blow dryer, curling iron and wireless razor) against defects in materials and workmanship. If we receive a valid claim, we will replace your returned tool with a product of equal or greater value at our option.FHI HEAT Unbrush Wet & Dry Vented Detangling Hair Brush, Light Blue/Grey . Visit the FHI Heat Store. 4.5 out of 5 stars 913 | Search this page #1 Best Seller in Hair Brushes. 5K+ bought in past month. $18.00 $ 18. 00 $18.00 per Count ($18.00 $18.00 / Count) Get Fast, Free Shipping with Amazon Prime.5 fingertip-control temperature settings from LOW 260°F to HIGH 420°F for safely styling any hair type. Tourmaline technology (red area) reduces static, locks in moisture, and leaves hair silky smooth. High …At FHI Heat, we use triple-baked ceramic plates to protect your iron from chipping and exposing your hair to hot and cold spots, snagging, pulling, and breakage. Unlike most irons, FHI Heat Irons also include ceramic heaters …Norwalk, California 90650, US. Get directions. FHI Heat | 4,268 followers on LinkedIn. FHI HEAT is a styling appliance company driven by excellence and dedicated to providing …UNbrush® - Electric Berry gently yet thoroughly extracts knots and tangles from even the most unruly hair, painlessly and effortlessly. Featuring the perfect blend of 105 dual length bristles, combined with an ultralight high performance handle, UNbrush® helps reduce styling time and prevents hair from catching. Great for wet or dry hair.1900 nano lite pro hair dryer: red chrome. $128.00 $160.00. The Limited Edition Red Chrome Platform Nano Weight Pro 1900 Turbo Tourmaline Ceramic Hair Dryer in is one of the lightest and powerful professional dryers on the market. Utilizing high performing tourmaline ceramic technology, this dryer is the go-to and must-have for any age and any ...Be the first to ask something about this product. UNbrush - Lagoon Mint gently yet thoroughly extracts knots and tangles from even the most unruly hair, painlessly and effortlessly. Unique vented cushion reduces blowdry time by 48%! Prevents hair from catching. High heat resistant bristles allows to style easily with a blow dryer. Call Us: 877-344-4328 (USA) 323-334-2900 (Outside of USA) Business Hours: Mon-Fri 8:00 am - 4:00 pm Pacific Time. HydraHeat™ Technology seals in vital moisture, repels humidity, reduce frizz, and helps eliminate static. 2. Powerful light weight DC motor. 3. Compact, Lightweight design, makes styling effortless. 5. Sleek handle for comfortable grip for any hand. The Retro Pro Compact Dryer is a stylish, lightweight dryer with a vintage aesthetic.86 Reviews. $148.00 $185.00. The Platform 2000 Nano Power Pro Dryer is a high performance dryer that combines endurance with power to deliver perfect results, every time. The must-have dryer in any salon, the Platform 2000 dries hair faster and leaves an ultra-conditioned style full of body and shine. At FHI HEAT we love hair and we take heat seriously. So seriously, it’s in our name! We like to think of our selves as the “Heat Experts” With over 18 Years in the professional hair tool industry, FHI HEAT has mastered the art of creating Heat Styling Tools that work to protect your hair. Each FHI Heat tool features HydraHeat technology. Mar 17, 2012 · Hair care products that protect, nourish, style and restore. All FHI Heat Stylus haircare products are specially formulated to provide maximum protection when styling hair. Sheer Remedy Liquid Satin Treatment - 2 oz. 4.9 out of 5 star rating. 29 Reviews. $10.00 Add to Cart. Stay Styled Variable Hold Dry Hair Spray - 2 oz. 0 out of 5 star rating. What It Is: UNbrush® - Peony gently yet thoroughly extracts knots and tangles from even the most unruly hair, painlessly and effortlessly. Featuring the perfect blend of 105 dual length bristles, combined with an ultralight high performance handle, UNbrush® helps reduce styling time and prevents hair from catching. Great for …ICYMI, FHI Heat is the same company that makes some of the top-rated hair dryers, straightening and curling irons, and other hair care essentials. Amazon. Buy on Amazon $18. Amazon.The FHI Heat Platform Tourmaline styling irons are equipped with FHI’s exclusive Proprietary Nano-Fuzion technology. This tech ensures that your hair is …The FHI Heat Platform Nano Salon Pro 2000 Powerful Tourmaline Ceramic Hair Dryer dries hair evenly and reduces drying time up to 50% while producing increased amounts of negative ions to seal in moisture, repel …FHI Heat is For Hair Innovato. CREATE WAVES THAT LAST! The Waver Pro Dual Barrel Waver is designed to create deep waves, beach waves, or crimped waves! Featuring two 1” barrels, The Waver features tourmaline ceramic with HydraHeat™ Technology to seal the cuticle and create luminous, long lasting waves on all hair types.UNbrush® - Lemon Lime gently yet thoroughly extracts knots and tangles from even the most unruly hair, painlessly and effortlessly. Featuring the perfect blend of 105 dual length bristles, combined with an ultralight high performance handle, UNbrush® helps reduce styling time and prevents hair from catching. Great for wet or dry hair.platformti sleek titanium pro styler - 1". $136.00 $170.00. Qty. Add to Cart. The Platform Ti Sleek Titanium Pro Styler features titanium plates infused with magnesium to heat up quicker and transfer heat to the hair faster for smooth, silky results. Best for …Be the first to ask something about this product. Satin Finish 6 oz is a lightweight, residue-free silk infused conditioning treatment that helps to repair and protect hair from thermal heat styling and environmental damage. Smooths, conditions, tames frizz, and reduces flyaways weightlessly for all hair types. Featuring two 1” barrels, The Waver features tourmaline ceramic with HydraHeat™ Technology to seal the cuticle and create luminous, long lasting waves on all hair types. FHI Heat is For Hair Innovators. We are committed to creating technologically advanced tools with the power and performance needed for hair professionals. The Polisher Pro Air Drying Brush acts like a paddle brush and blow dryer at the same time, it instantly blow dries and polishes the hair. It features an incredible amount of power and fits right in the palm of your hand. Smooth and Blow Dry with EACH pass! The FHI Heat Platform Blowout Brush is a 4-in-1 tool: Dry, volumize, smooth and curl ...FHI Heat offers technologically advanced hair dryers, styling irons, and curling wands for salons and consumers. Learn about their story, mission, best sellers, and how to get in touch with them.109K Followers, 2,634 Following, 1,290 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from FHI Heat (@FHIHeat)FHI HEAT UNbrush Wet & Dry Vented Detangling Hair Brush, Rose Quartz Pink . Visit the FHI Heat Store. 4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 81 ratings | Search this page #1 Best Seller in Hair Brushes. 1K+ bought in past month. $18.00 with 18 percent savings -18% $ 18. 00 $18.00 per Count ($18.00 $18.00 / Count)FHI Heat Pro offers a range of hair dryers, flat and curling irons, shears and accessories for professionals and home users. Shop collections of products with tourmaline ceramic, …47 mini bristles gently smooth and polish hair. Works equally great on wet and dry hair! Unique backless vented cushion reduces styling time. Easy-to-clean design ensures hassle-free maintenance. Ultra-light, high performance handle allows for durable flexibility and ease of use - weighs only 1.5 oz! Perfect for women, men, and children!Call Us: 877-344-4328 (USA) 323-334-2900 (Outside of USA) Business Hours: Mon-Fri 8:00 am - 4:00 pm Pacific Time.Description. The Elite Pro Series Styler uses RapidTek technology for fast heat-up time. The digital temperature control is color coded with heat settings for various hair types …The Platform Ti Luster 1" styler features an ultra-smooth titanium barrel infused with magnesium to produce more negative ions. The result is shiny, healthy, hydrated curls and greater frizz control. For optimal results, use with STYLUS thermal hair care to protect hair and maximize styling benefits. Built with an edge-to-edge ceramic heater ... 86 Reviews. $148.00 $185.00 Add to Cart. Load More Products. Dry and style your hair faster, achieving healthy, salon quality, long lasting results. FHI Heat hair and blow dryers offer adjustable speed and heat settings and include curl defining diffusers. Our dryers are built with tourmaline ceramic, infrared and ionic technologies. FHI Heat. 71,144 likes · 104 talking about this. FHI Heat® is the leader in professional hair tools. Designed For Hair Innovators - “Our mission is to continually design high performance products to... Edge-to-edge FHI ceramic heater offers even temperature and high speed heat recovery for flawless passes. Floating plates for better grip and heat distribution plus a cool-touch tip for easy styling. 1hour auto shut-off, professional 12ft swivel cord, and universal voltage to style in any setting. 2 year warranty. The Flirt Envy Blowout Brush is a 4-in-1 hot air brush: Dry, curl, smooth, and volumize. With a 360-degree airflow, you can dry your hair as you style it with each stroke. This drastically cuts your drying time and gives you the ability to add volume, plush curl, or silky smoothness. An oval-shaped barrel helps add volume and definition to your ... 1-48 of 106 results for "fhi heat platform hair dryer" Results. Check each product page for other buying options. FHI Heat. Platform Nano Power Salon Pro 2000 Tourmaline Ceramic Quick Dry Hair Dryer with 3 Piece Attachment Set (Comb, Concentrator, and Diffuser), Black. 3 Piece Set.But with the weather getting colder instead of warmer, clients will often want to forego drastic cuts in favor of more transitional cuts, so we turned to our FHI Heat Educators to help us determine some of the best styles for moving into the winter.. Norwalk, California 90650, US. Get directions. FHI Heat | 4,268 followers on LinkedIn. FHI HEAT is a styling appliance company driven by excellence and dedicated to providing …UNbrush® - Cherry Blossom Pink gently yet thoroughly extracts knots and tangles from even the most unruly hair, painlessly and effortlessly. Featuring the perfect blend of 105 dual length bristles, combined with an ultralight high performance handle, UNbrush® helps reduce styling time and prevents hair from catching. Great for wet or dry hair.What It Is: UNbrush® - Turquoise gently yet thoroughly extracts knots and tangles from even the most unruly hair, painlessly and effortlessly. Featuring the perfect blend of 105 dual length bristles, combined with an ultralight high performance handle, UNbrush® helps reduce styling time and prevents hair from catching. … This item: FHI HEAT UNbrush Wet & Dry Vented Detangling Hair Brush, Rose Quartz Pink $18.00 $ 18 . 00 ($18.00/Count) Sold by BeautyChoice and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. See this step-by step tutorial on how to get this beautiful glamorous waves with the NEW FHI Heat The Waver Dual Barrel Waver.0:00 Intro0:13 The Waver & Feat...FHI HEAT Unbrush Wet & Dry Vented Detangling Hair Brush, Lavender/Grey. 4.4 out of 5 stars 241. 7K+ bought in past month. $19.46 $ 19. 46 ($19.46/Count) FREE delivery on $35 shipped by Amazon. FHI HEAT Platform Nano Power Salon Pro 2000 Tourmaline Ceramic Quick Dry Hair Dryer with 3 Piece Attachment Set …At FHI Heat, we use triple-baked ceramic plates to protect your iron from chipping and exposing your hair to hot and cold spots, snagging, pulling, and breakage. Unlike most irons, FHI Heat Irons also include ceramic heaters …Water resistant. Custom designed, diagonal brush for even application and shading. Provides thorough coverage and blending to eliminate shiny spots and exposed scalp. Creates the appearance of full, thick hair for women and men affected by thinning hair. Extend life of color treated hair by filling in regrowth with matching …The Curve features 1" wide tourmaline ceramic plates infused with magnesium which helps to seal the cuticle, leaving hair smooth and with increased shine. The Curve also features RapidTek Ion Technology which provides instant heat while locking in moisture. This iron works to provide you with salon quality hair in half the amount of time!FHI Heat is an innovative professional hair care company operated by passionate leaders. We are committed to supporting salons, stylists, and consumers with consistent advances in technology - a ...1 Review. $37.50 $50.00. Never compromise quality for size with this petite, professional-grade iron. Designed for your on-the-go lifestyle, this tool is packed with three layers of baked ceramic plates for powerful and even heat conductivity. Negative ion technology and far-infrared heat protect your hair and deliver shine by sealing in ... The Curve features 1" wide tourmaline ceramic plates infused with magnesium which helps to seal the cuticle, leaving hair smooth and with increased shine. The Curve also features RapidTek Ion Technology which provides instant heat while locking in moisture. This iron works to provide you with salon quality hair in half the amount of time! Description. The Elite Pro Series Styler uses RapidTek technology for fast heat-up time. The digital temperature control is color coded with heat settings for various hair types …Dec 20, 2023 · Maximizing The Curve with FHI Heat's Product Range To fully harness the power of The Curve, consider pairing it with other FHI Heat products: Prep Your Hair Right: Start with Stylus’ prep products for optimal protection and styling effectiveness. Each one has heat-protectant properties which is a must whenever you style with heat! UNbrush® - Midnight Black gently yet thoroughly extracts knots and tangles from even the most unruly hair, painlessly and effortlessly. Featuring the perfect blend of 105 dual length bristles, combined with an ultralight high performance handle, UNbrush® helps reduce styling time and prevents hair from catching. Great for wet or dry hair. Hair Veil Hair Filler Powder features a water resistant, fade proof, and transfer proof formula designed to give the appearance of a thicker, richer head of hair to anyone looking to conceal exposed scalp and add depth to their thin or fine hair. FHI Heat's Stylus line of thermal protectant hair care works to preserve healthy hair from heat ... At FHI Heat, we use the best materials possible to provide you with the longest lasting tools that produce stunning results. Ceramic plates produce negative ions which allow the styling to happen very quickly. Titanium is great because it evenly heats up the plates, does not corrode over time, and is fantastic for thick or coarse hair.HydraHeat™ Technology seals in vital moisture, repels humidity, reduce frizz, and helps eliminate static. 2. Powerful light weight DC motor. 3. Compact, Lightweight design, makes styling effortless. 5. Sleek handle for comfortable grip for any hand. The Retro Pro Compact Dryer is a stylish, lightweight dryer with a vintage aesthetic.FHI Heat offers high performance hair styling tools for professionals and home users. Our hair dryers, flat & curling irons and stylers are designed with tourmaline ceramic, infrared and ionic technologies to provide the best healthy results …FHI Heat is an innovative professional hair care company operated by passionate leaders. We are committed to supporting salons and stylists with consistent advances in …The FHI Heat Platform Blowout Brush is a 4-in-1 tool: Dry, volumize, smooth and curl. You don’t need to balance holding a comb, round brush, and dryer in your hands as this tool takes care of everything! The oval-shaped barrel and curved edges combine with the ergonomically curved handle for comfort and ease. At the same time, the 360-degree ...FHI Heat was founded in 2003 and transcended into a world-renowned Professional Hair Care Company that creates the highest quality and technologically advanced hair tools in the beauty industry. From the manufacturer. FHI Heat Platform . FHI Brands signature brand, ... Product Dimensions : 12 x 1 x 1.25 inches; 1.1 Pounds. UPC : 848618006522. Manufacturer : FHI Heat. ASIN : B07T4V7YQ8. Best Sellers Rank: #484,179 in Beauty & Personal Care ( See Top 100 in Beauty & Personal Care) #1,673 in Hair Straightening Irons. Customer Reviews: 4.3 38 ratings. FHI Heat specializes in cutting-edge technology, high-power motors, and We understand the problem. Life comes at you fast, and before you know it, you are staring at the hair tool equivalent of a bunch of old clunker cars sitting on your bathroom counter.47 mini bristles gently smooth and polish hair. Works equally great on wet and dry hair! Unique backless vented cushion reduces styling time. Easy-to-clean design ensures hassle-free maintenance. Ultra-light, high performance handle allows for durable flexibility and ease of use - weighs only 1.5 oz! Perfect for women, men, and children!FHI Heat, Inc. Oct 2003 - Present 20 years 6 months. Education The Wharton School BA Business administration. View David’s full profile See who you know in common ... FHI Heat offers a range of styling irons and straighteners for different hair types and styles. Shop online for flat irons, wavers, curling irons and more with adjustable heat settings and ceramic plates. The Innovator Dryer is a lightweight, fast and powerful hair dryer with HydraHeat™ technology that moisturizes and smooths hair. It has customizable LED controls, auto …Water resistant. Custom designed, diagonal brush for even application and shading. Provides thorough coverage and blending to eliminate shiny spots and exposed scalp. Creates the appearance of full, thick hair for women and men affected by thinning hair. Extend life of color treated hair by filling in regrowth with matching … FHI HEAT Elite Pro Series Digital Black Ceramic Hair Straightener for All Hair Types, 1 Inch . 3.8 3.8 out of 5 stars 22 ratings | Search this page . FHI Heat. Uncover the versatility FHI HEAT's leading tool, acclaimed for its superior tourmaline ceramic technology. The Platform Tourmaline Ceramic Professional - 1" Flat Iron delivers unmatched performance, featuring three layers of tourmaline-infused ceramic plates for consistent heat distribution, enabling effortless styling for various looks. Platform Bounce Curling Irons. Curl or wave your hair with FHI Heat professional curling irons for healthy, salon quality, long lasting results. Available in different sizes and featuring adjustable heat settings for all hair types. Innovative technology produces high amounts of negative ions that seal in moisture and reduce frizz. HydraHeat™ Technology seals in vital moisture, repels humidity, reduce frizz, and helps eliminate static. 2. Powerful light weight DC motor. 3. Compact, Lightweight design, makes styling effortless. 5. Sleek handle for comfortable grip for any hand. The Retro Pro Compact Dryer is a stylish, lightweight dryer with a vintage aesthetic.1900 nano lite pro hair dryer: red chrome. $128.00 $160.00. The Limited Edition Red Chrome Platform Nano Weight Pro 1900 Turbo Tourmaline Ceramic Hair Dryer in is one of the lightest and powerful professional dryers on the market. Utilizing high performing tourmaline ceramic technology, this dryer is the go-to and must-have for any age and any ...FHI HEAT UNbrush Wet & Dry Vented Detangling Hair Brush, Iris Dark Blue . Visit the FHI Heat Store. 4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 159 ratings | Search this page . Amazon's Choice highlights highly rated, well-priced products available to ship immediately. Amazon's Choice in Hair Brushes by FHI Heat.6 Reviews. $15.00. COMPATIBLE WITH: - Technique 1850 Dryer. - Platform 1900 Dryer. - Platform 2000 Dryer. - Elite Professional Series Global Dryer. 🏆 Best Hair Dryer Diffuser for Long Hair - The Oprah Magazine. "Darrius Peace, master hairstylist and natural hair expert with Hayah Beauty loves the attachment "because it can be used on any ... The Innovator Styling Irons. CREATE WAVES THAT LAST. The Waver Pro Dual Barrel Waver is designed to create deep waves, beach waves, or crimped waves! Featuring two 1” barrels, The Waver features tourmaline ceramic with HydraHeat™ Technology to seal the cuticle and create luminous, long lasting waves on all hair types. Call Us: 877-344-4328 (USA) 323-334-2900 (Outside of USA) Business Hours: Mon-Fri 8:00 am - 4:00 pm Pacific Time. For a limited time, get the Stylus Blow Out Kit for $39.99 ($58 value). Perfect your blow dry with Stylus Thermal Protectant Hair Care. By layering Sheer Remedy, Fresh Start, Pump it Up and Stay Finished you will achieve smooth, frizz-free results with maximum shine and lasting hold. Hair Veil Hair Filler Powder features a water resistant, fade ... The Curve features 1" wide tourmaline ceramic plates infused with magnesium which helps to seal the cuticle, leaving hair smooth and with increased shine. The Curve also features RapidTek Ion Technology which provides instant heat while locking in moisture. This iron works to provide you with salon quality hair in half the amount of time! 31 Reviews. $80.00 $100.00. The Platform Bounce Tourmaline Ceramic Professional 3/4" Curler is designed to create long lasting curls and volume in all hair lengths and styles. With 4 versatile sizes and reliable quality and performance, this is your go-to curling iron stylists choose for day-to-day use behind the chair. PF7008. HydraHeat™ provides moisturizing heat that instantly smooths, reduce frizz, and eliminates static. This will also emit negative ions to provide shine and hydration while drying. Heat reimagined - designed to give you beautiful results. EXTREME SPEED. 110,000 RPM Dries Hair in Under 8 Minutes*. What It Is: UNbrush® - Amethyst gently yet thoroughly extracts knots and tangles from even the most unruly hair, painlessly and effortlessly. Featuring the perfect blend of 105 dual length bristles, combined with an ultralight high performance handle, UNbrush® helps reduce styling time and prevents hair from catching. … UNbrush® - Canyon Red gently yet thoroughly extracts knots and tangles from even the most unruly hair, painlessly and effortlessly. Featuring the perfect blend of 105 dual length bristles, combined with an ultralight high performance handle, UNbrush® helps reduce styling time and prevents hair from catching. Great for wet or dry hair. Norwalk, California 90650, US. Get directions. FHI Heat | 4,268 followers on LinkedIn. FHI HEAT is a styling appliance company driven by excellence and dedicated to providing … ---1